| What It's Called | How It Looks | How It Works |
|---|---|---|
| Doctype / HTML Element | Type “HTML:5” into VS for: <!DOCTYPE html> html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document </head> <body> </body> </html> |
The <html> element, the root of an HTML document, should be added after the <!DOCTYPE> declaration. All content/structure for an HTML document should be contained between the opening and closing <html> tags. |
| Head Element | <head> <title>Document</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="./Resources/CSS/index.css"> </head> |
The <head> element contains general information about an HTML page that isn't displayed on the page itself. This information is called metadata and includes things like the title of the HTML document and links to stylesheets. |
| Body Element | <body> <header> </header> <main> </main> <footer> </footer> </body> |
The <body> element represents the content of an HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are rendered on the web browsers. Note: There can be only one <body> element in a document. |
| Div Element | <div> <h1>A section of grouped elements</h1> <p>Here's some text for the section</p> </div> <div> <h1>Second section of grouped elements</h1> <p>Here's some text</p> </div> |
The <div> element is used as a container that divides an HTML document into sections and is short for “division”. <div> elements can contain flow content such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc. |
| Heading Elements | <h1>Breaking News</h1> <h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2> <h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3> ... <h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6> |
HTML can use six different levels of heading elements. The heading elements are ordered from the highest level <h1> to the lowest level <h6>. |
| Attribute Name | <div name=“value"> </div> | HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the following syntax: name="value" and can be added to the opening tag of an HTML element to configure or change the behavior of the element. |
| Unique ID Attributes | <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1> | In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be assigned to different elements in order to differentiate between them. When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform specific instructions on that element and that element only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and should only contain letters (a-Z), digits (0-9), hyphens (-), underscores (_), and periods (.). |
| Paragraph Elements | <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. </p> | The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a block of text. |
| Line Break Element | A line break haiku.<br> Poems are a great use case.<br> Oh joy! A line break. |
The <br> line break element will create a line break in text and is especially useful where a division of text is required, like in a postal address. The line break element requires only an opening tag and must not have a closing tag. |
| List Item Elements | <ol> <li>Head east on Prince St</li> <li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Cookies</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> |
The <li> list item element create list items inside:
|
| Table Elements | <table> <thead> <tr> <th>heading 1</th> <th>heading 2</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>col 1</td> <td>col 2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> |
<table> Table: The wrapper element for all HTML tables. <thead> Table Head: The set of rows defining the column headers in a table. <tbody> Table Body: The set of rows containing actual table data. <tr>Table Row: The table row container. <td> Table Data: The table row container. <tfoot> Table Foot: The set of rows defining the footer in a table. |
| Image Element | <img src=“pathname.png” alt="text describing image" /> | HTML image <img> elements embed images in documents. The src attribute contains the image URL and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element meaning it should not have a closing tag. |
| Video Element | <video src="test-video.mp4" controls> Video not supported</video> | The <video> element embeds a media player for video playback. The src attribute will contain the URL to the video. Adding the controls attribute will display video controls in the media player. Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is shown as a fallback in browsers that don't support the element. |
| Anchor Element | <!-- Creating text links --><a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit this site</a> <!-- Creating image links --><a href="http://www.codecademy.com"><img src="logo.jpg" >Click this image</a> |
The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to other webpages, files on the same server, a location on the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink reference attribute, href. The href determines the location the anchor element points to. |
| Target Element | <a href="https://www.google.com" target="_blank">This anchor element links to google and will open in a new tab or window.</a> | The target attribute on an <a> anchor element specifies where a hyperlink should be opened. A target value of "_blank" will tell the browser to open the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a new window in older browsers or if the browser has had settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new window. |
| Link to a Different Part of the Page | <div> <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A different part of the page!</p> </div> <a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take me to a different part of the page</a> |
The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to different parts of the same HTML document using the href attribute to point to the desired location with # followed by the id of the element to link to. |
| Comments | <!-- Main site content --> <div> Content </div> <!-- Comments can be multiple lines long.--> |
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening <!-- and closing -->. Content inside of comments will not be rendered by browsers, and are usually used to describe a part of code or provide other details. Comments can span single or multiple lines. |